Police Brutality Issues In America - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1556 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/03/29 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Police Brutality Essay Did you like this example? POLICE BRUTALITY AND AMERICA Abstract This paper will look at police brutality and the prosecuting of the officers of the events; from the earlier era in America to the present day. If will also look at how the media can shape the narrative that is presented to the public at large an how that effects how police brutality is viewed as a whole. Then finally look at whether or not America has gotten better or worse when it comes to police brutality. Society today is a highly connected society through the use of social media and other news sources. Now when events happen they can be shared around the U.S. and the world in the matter of minutes or hours. Due to this there has been a rise of awareness of police brutality, throughout the populace. In the following paper we will look at specific police brutality events and their outcomes. Along with looking at how the media can affect the perception of the event to the populace. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Police Brutality Issues In America" essay for you Create order Police brutality isn’t a new development but a problem that has unfortunately existed since there have been police forces. Looking at an early case of police brutality brought to the Supreme Court can highlight some of the difficulties there were with prosecuting police for their behavior. Screws v. United States is a great example of this. Claud Screws was the sheriff of Baker County in the state of Georgia. He arrested Robert Hall, a Negro, for tire theft. He handcuffed him and then drove him to the police station where he and two other officers beat Hall with their fists and 2 blackjacks. (Robert, 1945) Then dragged him to the jail cell and called an ambulance, where Hall died without gaining consciousness. Screws and the other individuals claimed Hall used offensive language and reached for a gun. (Robert, 1945) The State of Georgia did not prosecute the individuals and the United States Attorney with Department of Justice ended prosecuting them. The individuals were prose cuted under section 52 of title 18 of the United States Code. This is important as it was used to because by killing Hall the Sheriff and his deputies denied Hall his constitutional right to not be deprived of his life without due process of the law. (Roberts, 1945) A trial by jury found the all three defendants guilty and they were fined 1,000 dollars and sentenced to 3 years in prison, the crime was considered a misdemeanor. The defendants appealed to the Fifth circuit court of appeals who affirmed the conviction. (Robert, 1945) However, it then went to the Supreme Court where the end result was a little more complex. There were four opinions from the court with the majority being a re-trial due to the vagueness of section 52 and its application to this event. One of the dissenting opinions was that it was obvious that by killing Hall that Screws and the deputies had deprived him of his life without a trial, so the verdict should be affirmed. Then another dissenting opinion stated that section 52 shouldn’t have applied to Screws and the deputies in the first place as it was made to be more specific and not used broadly. This shows how imperfect section 52 is when trying a civil rights case, especially one of this magnitude, considering it is only a misdemeanor crime by this statute. (Robert, 1945) However, it gives a glimpse of what the courts had to work with in that time frame. March 3, 1991 one of the most visible cases of police brutality in America, the beating of Rodney King took place. King, a black man, led police on a car chase and once apprehended was beat by the officers. This was captured on video tape by a white bystander and played all over the media. (Maurantonio, 2014) The video tape is an important factor of this police brutality case as let everyone be the eye witness to the event itself. (Maurantonio, 2014) This is why the 1992 Los Angeles riots happen when the acquittal of the four officers accused in the case. The minority community saw it as an injustice with the officers not being held accountable to what they did. So not long after the verdict was read a group of black boys beat Reginald Denny, a white truck driver. The media unfortunately used this beating as a kind of qui quo pro for the King beatings. (Maurantonio, 2014) Maurantonio argues that the media portrayal of King as a hapless victim that was in the wrong place at the wrong time, down played the racism that was part of that police brutality episode. It is also important to look at the Media’s portrayal of police brutality when no actual brutality occurred but a rush to present the story to the public inflamed a local populace. Nowhere is this more apparent than with the Michael Brown case and the â€Å"Hands up, don’t shoot† narrative. Now it is important to note that it is vital for the media to present both the victim and the officers equally as Dukes points out a negative view of the victim in the media increases a bias in the populace against said individual. (2017) However, the issue in this case was by presenting that narrative before facts were established the town of Ferguson ended up rioting as they believed another senseless death of a black teen at the hands of the police. It wasn’t until later when it was discovered that that quote never happened and he was going for the officer’s gun that led to the ordeal and the fatal shooting. By then it was too late and the narrative was believ ed by too many therefore accepted by some. The examples above show both real cases of police brutality and then a false case of police brutality however, the biggest factor of these types of issues in the police department is the eroding of the public’s trust because of them. This is exasperated when the officer involved in the event fails to be punished if deserved. In 2013 92% of police officers in major cities had collective bargaining agreements. (Adams, 2016) This is important as this provides the officers with an arbitrator that will help when it comes to disciplinary matters. Just like the regular public the officer deserves to justly punished and not punished due to a perceived guilt. The problem can come though when even though the officer is guilty the arbitrator is able to get the punishment reduced to a lesser punishment. (Adams, 2016) This in turns make the public think that the officer is getting away with beating or killing them. A good example is Freddie Gray who died in police custody in Baltimore and led to riots. (Adams, 2016) In this case the officers were tried in civil court. The officers were tried separately but one ended in a mis-trial and the others were found not guilty. This shows how hard a conviction can be on an officer in the line of duty. The reason the paper has focused on race cases of police brutality is that it is an event issue within the United States. Depending on the media its portrayal of this issue is full of ambiguities, emotions and different perspectives. (Lawrence, 2000) There is an appearance of the minorities receiving the short end of the stick while the political powers protect the police officer. The police officers want to be tough on policing and crime but that can lead to issues sometimes in the inner cities and minority communities. (Lawrence, 2000) Overall police brutality is a real issue that needs to be resolved as the past has shown us. There is no way around the issue as it has been documented and shown to be an issue. What needs further study is trying to define and develop a way to further combat it at an agency level and not just at an individual level. Key to that would be ensuring that punishment is given to the officers when they have been found guilty of the brutality. However, ensuring not to rush to judgment and try the officer in the court of public opinion before the actual facts are discovered. References Adams, T. (2016). Factors in Police Misconduct Arbitration Outcomes: What Does It Take to Fire a Bad Cop? ABA Journal of Labor Employment Law, 32(1), 133–156. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1919095887/ Alang, S., PhD. (2018). The more things change, the more things stay the same: Race, ethnicity, and police brutality. American Journal of Public Health, 108(9), 1127-1128. doi:https://dx.doi.org.ezproxy1.apus.edu/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304628 Chaney, C., Robertson, R. (2013). Racism and Police Brutality in America. Journal of African American Studies, 17(4), 480–505. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12111-013-9246-5 Dukes, K., Gaither, S. (2017). Black Racial Stereotypes and Victim Blaming: Implications for Media Coverage and Criminal Proceedings in Cases of Police Violence against Racial and Ethnic Minorities. Journal of Social Issues, 73(4), 789–807. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12248 Lawrence, R. G. (2000). The politics of force : media and the construction of police brutality. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy1.apus.edu/lib/apus/detail.action?docID=223306. Maurantonio, N. (2014). Remembering rodney king: Myth, racial reconciliation, and civil rights history. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 91(4), 740-755. doi:https://dx.doi.org.ezproxy1.apus.edu/10.1177/1077699014550094 Robert K. Carr, Screws v. United States The Georgia Police Brutality Case , 31 Cornell L. Rev. 48 (1945) Available at: https://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/clr/vol31/iss2/3

Organ Donation After Death By Toni Gross - 1476 Words

Organ Donation After Death by Toni Gross Specific Purpose Statement: To invite my audience to consider the pros and cons of donating organs after death and to consider where this leads into the future. Thesis: Organ donation is the process of giving an organ or a part of an organ and transplanting it into another person in order for them to survive, today I am wanting to better understand the different views on organ donating so I can make a better decision on deciding whether to register. Introduction I. [ Attention-Getter ] Imagine your loved one has passed away and you are devastated. But now a lady has approached you in desperation, claiming that your loved one has the opportunity to save her child s life. Would you be†¦show more content†¦Every year we hold a soccer tournament in her name and recipients of the organs have come to interact with her close family and friends. I had the opportunity to interact with these recipients as well as witness how difficult it was for her parents. It was hard but at the same time it was a very beautiful thing. A. That is why I chose this topic, so I can become more knowledgeable as well as help my classmates comprehend the process more. B. After researching the advantages and disadvantages I am more knowledgeable and understanding of the different perspectives. IV. [ Thesis and Preview] Therefore, I would first like to present the definition of organ donation and history as well as move into the difference of pros and cons A. I hope by sharing this information today and then hearing your opinions we can all make a more informative decision for ourselves on organ donation Signpost: Let’s rewind back to where it started Body I. Organ donation is the process of giving an organ or a part of an organ and transplanting it into another person in order for them to survive. II. Organ donation has actually not been around that long, it started in the mid 1900s. A. Unos.org claims that in 1954 the kidney was the first organ to be donated, followed by the first succesful liver transplant in 1967. B. Then in 1968 something important happened, a donor card was established as a legal document. C. In the 80s the first lung and heart

Warehousing

Question: Describe a typical range of storage and retrieval facilities and stock holding scenarios you would find in the following supply chain network. You are free to use diagrams and flow charts to illustrate and underpin your analysis. Answer: Warehousing in many guises appears at different points across supply chain networks. The main aim of the assignment is to describe a typical range of storage and retrieval facilities and stock holding scenarios in the supply chain networks. The assignment includes supply chain diagrams and flow charts. It describes the entire process of supply chain analysis from the point of production to the point of consumption. Supply chain networks are a process that describes the production of goods from the supply of raw materials to manufacturing to warehousing to consumption. Maintain a good supply chain network is essential for timely delivery of goods and services to the customers. Warehousing is one of the important parts of supply chain networks. Warehouses are the store houses where the finished goods are stored before being supplied it to the end users that are customers. It is not always necessary to that the supply chain networks and the suppliers belong to the same place or region w here the good is produced. The suppliers may be close to the place of production or far from the region. Vicinity of suppliers close to the place of manufacturing helps in reducing the cost of production as it saves the transportation cost. The assignment describes the types of warehousing and the importance of warehousing at supply chain networks. Introduction Warehouse is a place that is used to store the inventories and buffer stocks temporarily before being supplied to the clients and customers or distributors. Warehouses are used not only during the time of supplying the finished goods but are also used to store the raw materials and other products needed during the time of manufacture. The processes of warehouse management remain the same during the entire process of warehouse management and supply. Warehousing management is a process where the goods are stored, processed and dispatched it to the distributors. The main aim of the production houses is to reduce the transportation costs. Inventory management is meeting the demand of the customers by supplying the given amount of goods (Jun et al., 2015). Supply chain management is the flow of goods, services and information from the suppliers to manufacturers to retailers to consumers. It is the duty of the organization and the manager to maintain the warehouses according to the norms o f the state and the organization. Warehouses are a commercial building that is used for storage of goods. Warehouses are used for storage of goods used by the manufacturers, importers, exporters and wholesalers. There are various roles and functions that the warehouses play. It is one of the dominant parts of the urban landscape that came into existence during the time of industrial revolution. Warehousing appears in different forms in an entire supply chain network and production process of a commodity (Christopher, 2016). Supply chain network is a basic evolution of supply chain that shows inter connectivity and inter dependence of organizations for providing the goods and services to the end users that involves the customers. There are various roles that warehousing play at different point of production and distribution. Topic one: Warehousing at different points of supply chain Warehousing plays a pivotal role in supply chain management. Its main function is to pack and ship the products stored at the store houses to the respective places where it is further processed into a finished product for consumption. First the role of warehousing is at the place where the raw materials are bought into the place of manufacturing. At that point of time the raw materials are stored and then transported to production houses. If the production houses are close to the place of storage then it is transported through cars, but if it is far then the transportation takes place through railways or ships. The main aim of any business houses is to minimize the cost of production (Faber et al., 2013). This is only possible when the warehouses or the place of storage is close to the production houses or the distribution centers. The second role of warehouses is at the point of storage of finished products before the distribution sta ge. This is the most important stage where the suppliers store the finished product before supplying it to the distributors. The goods once demanded by the distributors are then supplied by the producers at the distribution centers. From the distribution houses the goods are then supplied to retailers and then the end users that are consumers. The goods that are not demanded are called inventories or stocks (Rushton et al., 2014). The next responsibility of the production houses is to manage the stock of inventories for the next season. Warehousing becomes more valuable when it is flexible and adds to the reduced cost of production. Warehousing also helps the production houses identifying the risks and the areas of waste during the distribution process. Warehousing also helps in management of inventory. It is not only used for the distribution of products but also services and information in the form of data. To avoid the risk of delays warehouse management system helps in tracking delivery and order fulfillment through data analysis. A firm can meet its long term objective and achieve competitive advantage through maintain its supply chain networks efficiently and effectively (Hussain, 2015). Value at warehouses is provided through fulfilling the demand of consumers by storing the product to face any situation during the time of uncertainties. The customers also get a chance to consume variety of products. It also helps in assembling and manufacturing the data and products (Stadtler, 2015). Role of warehousing Warehousing plays an important role in management of supply chain and distribution of goods and services from the producers to consumers. Warehouses act as central location for receiving, storing and distributing products. As the goods are transported to warehouses the function is to locate, distribute, store, identify and dispatch the product to the place concerned that is temporary in nature. Before the shipment of the product to the final destination the data and products is retrieved, grouped and packaged for dispatching it to new destination. The other objective is to reduce the delivery time and the stock of inventories by reducing the cost of transportation and distribution. The utility and customer service for the product increases as warehouses helps in supplying the right product to right customers at right time and place (Davarzani Norrman, 2015). Warehouses has to play various roles as that of cross docking, product mixing, order assembly and order consolidation that add s to the overall value to the logistics management. Warehouses provide economies of scale by effectively managing the resources through efficient operation, storage, capacity and central location. Consolidation helps in minimizing the cost by cutting down the delivery costs and operations. Since warehouses involves shipment of bulk orders it helps in reducing cost as the production houses need not supply small shipments. Warehouses acts as buffer houses that helps in maintaining demand and supply at all seasons for the long term storage. This helps in increasing the economic benefit and profitability as the product can be supplied even at the time of low production and lean season when the products are not available. Accumulation of goods is profitable as it can help solve the problem during uncertainties (Morton et al., 2015). Warehouses also help in improving services and its benefits as it ensures that the orders are transferred full on time. There are various methods that the pr oduction houses can use that helps in determining and maintaining inventory items at warehouses. Safety stocking is one of the tools that can be used for management of stocks and inventories. It manages both the inbound and outbound sales and distribution (Wisner et al., 2014). The three main roles are taken into considerable interests that are shared space environment, secondary packaging and cross docking. Cross docking is a system where the products are directly being shipped from the producers to consumers with no handling of stocks of inventory in order to reduce the cost of providing (Xuefeng Hongyu, 2013). This method is being used specially to reduce cost and improve the service. It is used to meet the requirements of end users while making deliveries. Secondary packaging is a method that includes assembling of parts. Warehousing is especially useful in case of seasonal and promotional fluctuations to manage the challenges. The 3 PLs that describes the role of warehousing are conveyed with a force of skilled labors that helps in maintaining the peak performance (Richards, 2014). Supply chain networks Supply chain network is management of supply chain management and logistics. The network shows the connectivity between the raw material suppliers, producers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers and the end users that is consumers. The goods are transferred from manufacturers and suppliers to consumers through the process of distribution. Warehouses in this entire process of supply and distribution have an important role to play. It appears at many guises during the entire process of supply chain networks. First it acts as the storage for raw materials, then it acts as storage house for the finished products then it acts as storage for stocks of inventories. The main aim of the warehouses is to package, assemble, identify and deliver the right product to right person at right place on right time through transportation and logistics management. It is not only used to transfer products but also services and data (De Backer Miroudot, 2014). Point of consumption at motor vehicle manu facturing plant:Consumption occurs at last stage of the entire process of supply chain networks. The finished product reaches the consumers after passing through many stages of supply chain process. The first stage is raw material manufacturer where the supplier supplies the unfinished product to the car manufacturer. It is then the duty of the car manufacturer to assemble all the parts that the supplier has supplied and then supply the finished product to the national distributors. The national distributor then supplies the finished product to the dealers and then to the end users that is the consumers. It is essential for the production houses to find the suppliers of raw materials that are close to the place of manufacture to avoid transportation cost and delay. This will lead to efficient provision of goods at low cost (Richards Grinsted, 2016). After the consumption the role of the warehouses is to manage the stock of inventories that is the left over stocks that is not demand ed by the consumers. The stock of inventories that is left over is then utilized for the next season when the production does not take place. Raw material suppliers may vary in number. It is not necessary that all the parts used in assembling and manufacturing the cars are supplied just by one single supplier. For example the paints used to decorate the car may be supplied by supplier one and the tyres may be supplied by supplier two. Hence the raw material supplier can vary in number. They may also be located at different regions. It is not necessary that the manufacturing industry uses all the supply of one region only (Ross, 2015). For example, suppose the manufacturing takes place in Singapore then the tyres may be supplied from Malaysia while paints from local region or area itself. It would be beneficial for the industry to find the suppliers of raw material close to the vicinity in order to avoid transportation cost and delay in service (Toth Vigo, 2014). The raw material s uppliers also have theory own supply chain network that is given as follows:If the supplier at tier one is situated at a distance of 1.5 miles away from the car manufacturer then the cost of production will be lowest and the goods will reach the production site on time. This will ensure efficient production and supply of commodities. The finished goods that will be supplied to consumers will be available at low prices due to which the demand of the product will high. The stock of inventories will be less that in turn will reduce the cost of warehousing. Hence the profitability of firm will increase (Ross, 2013). Now, there can be cases where the manufactures of the products act as raw material suppliers. The definition of raw material is often categorized as unfinished goods. The car manufacturer can act as raw material supplier. This will happen in the case where the assembling of cars takes place at different regions. Suppose the fixing of tyres and assembling of motors is done at one production house while the final touch up that is painting and quality check is done at another place then in this case the car manufacturer will act as raw material supplier as it supplies unfinished product (Dyckhoff et al., 2013). If the same manufacturer acting as tier two suppliers to vehicle manufacturer is based 180 miles away from the manufacturing house, then the main difference of finished products will be in terms of storage and supply. Warehouses will act as storage houses to store the unfinished product before being supplied to car manufacturers. This adds on to the cost of production. The main difference is that the goods that are stored will not be directly supplied to distributors but will be supplied to car manufacturers. The storage house is close to the manufacturing house hence the transportation cost is less (Thom et al., 2014). The third case is of supplier that is located six thousand and five hundred miles away from the tier one supplier. There are vario us transport strategies that the supplier will use to deliver the goods at different points of supply chain networks. To avoid the transportation cost the manufacturer will find the raw material supplier close to its vicinity. This will reduce the transportation cost by reducing the cost of fuel and others. In order to effectively manage the supply chain network it is essential for the manufacturer to understand the actual demands of the customers. A proper strategy should be formed in order to manage the supply chain effectively (Dekker et al., 2013). Topic two: Firms hold types and quantities of stocks throughout the supply network. This includes the stock in transit. It is essential for the firms to keep in mind the requirements of consumers to mitigate the number of unnecessary stocks that accumulates due to lack of demand. A balance must be achieved between the demand and supply of goods. There are various ways to manage the accumulation of stocks and avoid unnecessary inventor ies. Stock in classical position acts as a medium to fulfill the demand of consumers at time of unforeseen event. Stocks are buffers between the demand and supply (Sankar, 2014). Balancing stocks Stocks can be balanced using various ways such as demand forecasting, storage and ease of stock accuracy. The main reason for accumulation of stocks is mismatch between the demand and supply of products. When the demand is less then that is supply then the goods are left unsold that adds to the accumulation of stocks and inventories. Forecasting demand helps the firms know how much of their produced goods are going to be sold out in the market. Hence it is essential for the firms to hire a team of experts that looks into the process of demand forecasting. This helps in matching the demand and supply that in turn reduces the risk of accumulation of stocks and inventories (DeCroix, 2013). The main reasons for keeping the stocks and inventories are time lag between the supply and demand, seasonal demand and season where the demand for the products is low, economies of scale, uncertainties such as natural disaster and appreciation in value. Proper storing of commodities at warehouses als o helps in managing the stocks. It so happens that some of the stocks are not seen by the suppliers and is kept at warehouses for years. This happens in the case where the warehouse is big and no proper stock list is maintained. So in order to avoid this it is essential for the firms and warehouses to maintain the record of stock and keep a timely record of the goods are bought in and out of the warehouse. Stocks accuracy is another tool that can be used to maintain and manage stocks (Kelly Attia, 2015). Roles of technologies and data sharing Technologies and datas of the past plays an essential role in the analysis of the stocks and current scenarios. The datas of the past scenarios such as aggregate demand, gross domestic product and income of the people of a particular helps in forecasting demand for the future as demand mainly depends on price, income and other economic factors. Technologies also play an important role as it helps in maintaining ten lists of stocks and item that are kept in warehouses and is ready to be sold in the next season. Technologies are used to store the data that is used for future use (Jarke et al., 2013). Conclusion Warehouse management is an essential part of supply chain network that occurs in many appearances in an entire supply chain process. Proper management of supply chain management is essential for effective business. Warehouses should be managed in such a way that it helps in minimizing the cost of production and is flexible in nature. Balancing stocks and inventories is also essential. There are various ways and techniques that can be used by firms to balance and manage the stocks. Forecasting data by use of proper data helps in reducing the accumulation o stocks and inventories. References Christopher, M. (2016). Logistics supply chain management. Pearson Higher Ed.Davarzani, H., Norrman, A. (2015). Toward a relevant agenda for warehousing research: literature review and practitioners input. Logistics Research, 8(1), 1-18.De Backer, K., Miroudot, S. (2014). Mapping global value chains.DeCroix, G. A. (2013). Inventory management for an assembly system subject to supply disruptions. Management Science, 59(9), 2079-2092.Dekker, R., Fleischmann, M., Inderfurth, K., van Wassenhove, L. N. (Eds.). (2013). Reverse logistics: quantitative models for closed-loop supply chains. Springer Science Business Media.Dyckhoff, H., Lackes, R., Reese, J. (Eds.). (2013). Supply chain management and reverse logistics. Springer Science Business Media.Faber, N., De Koster, M. B. M., Smidts, A. (2013). Organizing warehouse management. International Journal of Operations Production Management,33(9), 1230-1256.Hussain, A. (2015). Role of Warehousing in Supply Chain Management of Internat ional Business.Jarke, M., Lenzerini, M., Vassiliou, Y., Vassiliadis, P. (2013).Fundamentals of data warehouses. Springer Science Business Media.Jun, W., Li, O., Gelin, D., Jing, S. (2015, May). Research on efficiency evaluation methods for warehousing operation and management. In The 27th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (2015 CCDC) (pp. 4529-4534). IEEE.Kelly, A. G., Attia, J. (2015). Balancing access and quality in comprehensive stroke care. Neurology, 84(12), 1188-1189.Morton, J., Cambiaghi, R., Radcliffe, N. (2015). Inventory management requires an end-to-end approach: our consulting team defines the key concepts of inventory management and elaborate on the decisions and cross-functional collaboration required to be more effective. Logistics management (Highlands Ranch, Colo.: 2002).Motor vehicle manufacturing technology. (2016). Atp.nist.gov. Retrieved 18 July 2016, from https://www.atp.nist.gov/press/mvmt9702.htmRichards, G. (2014). Warehouse Management: A complete guide to improving efficiency and minimizing costs in the modern warehouse. Kogan Page Publishers.Richards, G., Grinsted, S. (2016). The Logistics and Supply Chain Toolkit: Over 100 Tools and Guides for Supply Chain, Transport, Warehousing and Inventory Management. Kogan Page Publishers.Ross, D. F. (2013). Competing through supply chain management: creating market-winning strategies through supply chain partnerships. Springer Science Business Media.Ross, D. F. (2015). Distribution Planning and control: managing in the era of supply chain management. Springer.Rushton, A., Croucher, P., Baker, P. (2014). The handbook of logistics and distribution management: Understanding the supply chain. Kogan Page Publishers.Sankar, K., Kannan, S., Muthukumaravel, A. (2014). E Logistics for Warehouse Management. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 20(6), 766-769.Stadtler, H. (2015). Supply chain management: An overview. In Supply chain management and advanced planning (pp. 3-28). Sprin ger Berlin Heidelberg.Thom, A. M. T., Scavarda, L. F., Pires, S. R., Ceryno, P., Klingebiel, K. (2014). A multi-tier study on supply chain flexibility in the automotive industry. International Journal of Production Economics, 158, 91-105.Toth, P., Vigo, D. (Eds.). (2014). Vehicle routing: problems, methods, and applications (Vol. 18). Siam.Wisner, J. D., Tan, K. C., Leong, G. K. (2014). Principles of supply chain management: a balanced approach. Cengage Learning.Xuefeng, S., Li, Z., Hongyu, L. (2013). Study and Design of Sports Logistics Warehousing Management Information System. Logistics Technology, 11, 083.

Team Reflection free essay sample

The right population samples must be taken for trying a new business in a different market. An Asian restaurant might not survive if not many people in the area partake of that style of food. Surveys are completed to give researchers data from those who are in direct contact with issue. Interview methods can be used to gain suggestions on how to find possible solutions to issues along opinions of a product or service. There were a variety of sampling methods learned this week as well. The sampling methods were simple random, systematic, quota, and snowball. Simple random is used by using a population and random selecting the data to use. This can be done by using a lottery method such as pulling names out of hat. Systematic is selecting a random number such as 10 and selected every tenth individuals to use as data. Snowball is used when a researcher gets one person to identify similar people for the researcher to use. We will write a custom essay sample on Team Reflection or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Quota is used to select a group based on same characteristics such as gender. Each sampling method provides data the researcher needs for a given need. Data is collected for testing and comparison purposes. The collection of data from consumers is a key factor to business growth and decisions. The data provides insight on what consumers like, dislike, need, and want. That information influences the decisions that are made in business to gain and sustain consumers. The collection of data is done by a variety of different surveys and interviews approaches. To gain the most responses and substantial data the collection method should be quick, easy, and confidential so that consumers will be more willing to participate. Sampling methods are used to lower cost, accuracy, speedy data collection, and to gain available population elements. Data collection is far more challenging and divers than most people believe. Differences between the data sources, the individuals gathering the data, and the objectives of the research team or business leaders, all change the way that the data is collected. Information can be sampled in a variety of ways, ranging from Likert Scale internet surveys to impromptu opinion polls on the street. The sampling process requires a detailed evaluation of the population to be sampled, including a review of the methods of transmission, geographic considerations, and the targeted demographics preferred method of communication. References Cooper, D. , amp; Schindler, P. (2011). Business research methods (11th ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Essay Examples on Van Gogh Essay Example

Essay Examples on Van Gogh Paper 1st Essay Sample on Van Gogh Vincent Van Gogh was a very interesting artist.He was born in 1853. By the time he was 1 ? years old he drew pictures. By age of thirteen, he decided to draw still life. One of thefirst drawings was of his brother, Theo Van Gogh, working in the field. In 1877, at age twenty-four, he went to Amsterdam to study to be a minister. He did not do well there so he went to Brussels, Belgum. He studied art at a small school. He later graduated from the University. Vincent and Theo grew apart. Theo went to France to be a successful art dealer. Vincent worked at a poor mine for money. He stayed at the mine and got fed horribly. Vincent had enough money for food, water, clothes and a bed, but he gave it all to the other workers and became poor. Later he became very sick. When his brother heard that Vincent was sick, he left France to visit him. When he got there, he saw Vincent lying on an uncomfortable bed sick, poor, and hungry. He knew he had to do something. So Theo gave Vincent a monthly amount of money and Vincent got back on track. Then Theo asked Vincent if he wanted to go back to France with him and sell his paintings. In France, Vincent drew the people working in the fields. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Van Gogh specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Van Gogh specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Van Gogh specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He used dark colors on bright colors. Though his paintings were great, people did not buy them. So Theo told him to draw other pictures, but Vincent did not want to. I want to draw people doing something. So thats what he did. Vincent was working in the sun too long and soon became both mentally and physically ill. He started to do strange things. He cut his ear off for no reason. Theo found him lying on the bed with bloody towels and put him in the hospital. He was not released for two months. After he was released Vincent wanted to be well so he went to therapy. He continued to paint but he got sick again and was put in jail. Theo paid the money to get Vincent out. 2nd Essay Sample on Van Gogh Van Gogh was born in 1853 and died in 1890.He was a Dutch postimpressionist painter. His works are perhaps better known generally than those of any other painter.The great majority were produced in 29 months of frenzied activity interspersed with epileptoid seizures and despair that finally ended in suicide.His early work, the Dutch period (1880-85), consists of dark, greenish-brown, heavily painted studies of peasants and miners (The Potato Eaters).After moving to Paris, he met Pissarro, who encouraged him to adopt a colorful palette.His work from his last month at Arles is characterized by the heavy impasto and rhythmic linear style so identified with him. Now I am going to tell you about his life and also some of his art work (paintings) Vincent Van Gogh was dorn on March 30, 1853 in the small village of Groot-Zundent, Holland, to Theodorus Van Gogh (1822-1885) and Anna Cornelia nee Carbentus (1819-1907).His brother Theo was born on May 1, 1857. Van Goghs father, a Protestant min ister had hopes that his son would follow in the foot steps of his forebears and become either a clergman or a successful businessman. At an early age and extremely sensitive, Van Gogh, who was prone to frequent bouts of depression, gave indications that he would not be well suited for either professions.At the age of 16 (1869), Van Gogh was recommended by an uncle (Uncle Cent) for a clerical position at Goupil, an art gallery in The Hague.Vincent makes frequent visits to the museums of The Hague.In 1873, Van Gogh transferred to a branch of Goupil in London. He visits the museums and galleries and expands his knowledge of art.Here he experienced hisfirst tragic love affair.Vincent stays in a boarding house ran by Mrs. Ursula Loyer.For decades it has been thought that Vincent was in love with Mrs. Loyers, daughter Eugenie.

Weimar Constitution of Germany essays

Weimar Constitution of Germany essays After the recent signing of the Treaty of Versailles, the current German government is under great criticism. Extreme left wing political parties are pushing for Revolution. One such group is the Spartacists, a group following the example set by Lenin, in the successful communist movement in Russia. After the abdication of the Kaiser, leader of the Social Democratic Party, Ebert, received the position of Chancellor. Only two days later the armistice was signed, indicating the end of the war. The most urgent task facing the Ebert government was to create a new constitution for Germany. Germany was, after the war, in great economical, emotional and physical disrepair and man political groups were fighting for power. The task of drafting a constitution was given to Hugo Preuss, a lawyer and prominent figure of the German Democratic Party. The constitution guaranteed basic rights to the German people. All were to be equal in the eyes of the law, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, freedom of association and freedom of religion are all written into the constitution. This new constitution meant Germany would have a president, elected every seven years. The president was Head-of-State and Supreme Commander of the armed forces. It gives the president power and not just a position. The president appoints and dismisses the chancellor and has the power to dissolve the Reichstag and call elections if the need arises. Under article 48, the president can also intervene, using the armed forces, to restore order, in an emergency situation. This power also means the president can suspend the basic rights of the people, the ability to rule by decree in times of emergency. Under the new system, Germany will have two houses of parliament. The German states were represented by the Reichstrat, and a more powerful house, the Reichstag, representative of the German people. The constitution also gave voting right ...

Computers in architecture- Mercedes-Benz Museum in Germany Assignment

Computers in architecture- Mercedes-Benz Museum in Germany - Assignment Example It is based on the geometrical shape of a clover in which spaces are connected through two ascending ramps. The exterior design of Mercedes Benz Museum sets up a completely novel and astonishing typology by the acquisition of spatial principles. This novelty is solely attributed to the digital design of this building in which the perfect infusion of ratios between space and design has been considered (Szalapaj). This building was designed in a three dimensional data which was revised numerous times during its realization in Stuttgart. The utilization of three dimensional digital designs and its effectiveness is also represented in the use of glass in the exterior design of this building. A special kind of glass has been utilized in this building which is clear, transparent and does not gets affected by the sunlight regarding heat (Noden). These glasses are divided and placed in several panels which, in combination, present the impression of the building as a double dimensional facade . This feature is also based on the scientific principles of light and geometry which is sufficiently presented in the design of this building, increasing its creativity and aesthetics (Glasner and Schmidt). The whole exterior design of Mercedes Benz Museum is a correspondence to the modern technology in which digital art, especially of three dimensions, in a remarkable manner. From the color of the building to the shape and from the utility of glass to the connections of spaces, this building is a complete representation of digital design into practical form (Turnbull). Interior: As far as the interior design of Mercedes Benz Museum is concerned, the ramps bridging spaces from... Over the past few years computers have become a necessary tool in the field of architecture. Architects all around the globe are using digital tools to make their creative thoughts into a reality (Bermudez). Digital technology allows architects to form models and create prototypes without having to use or waste any physical material. Moreover, latest architectural digital tools allow architects to view these models in three dimensions and from all sides. With the help of these tools architects have been able to create buildings that comprise of a complex structure (Bermudez). One such building is the Mercedes-Benz Museum in Stuttgart. The building was designed by a number of architects from UNStudio. In their book Ben Van Berkel and Caroline Bos, founders of UNStudio, stated that the creation of the building made use of a number of expertise and that it was a joint effort by architects of the entire studio (Berkel and Bos). UNStudio was founded in 1988 in Amsterdam and specializes in the fields of architecture infrastructural programs and urban development. UNStudio stands for United Network Studio (UNStudio). UNStudio is one of the most popular architectural firms in Europe and Asia. The company has been accredited with designing innovative structures such as the Star Place Luxury Shopping Plaza, Erasmus Bridge and The Burnham Pavillions. In the completion of these structures computers and digital tools have played a major role. The same can be said about Mercedes Benz Museum. Every aspect of the building’s structure sheds light on how digital tools were used to design the building as a whole.

Negative interaction on the psyche of the American teenagers caused by Research Paper

Negative interaction on the psyche of the American teenagers caused by the violence in video games - Research Paper Example However, even with the rating systems can’t prevent exposure to violence as a staggering 89% of video games contain a degree of violent content and specifically it can also be found in more than half of E-rated (for Everyone) games (Gentile). Figure 1. Computer and video game sales from 2000 to 2011 (NPD) Violence in video games is not a relatively novel subject. Since the emergence of the video gaming industry in the 1970’s the notion that video games promoted violence became a major controversy with the release of â€Å"Death Race† in 1976 (Kent). The game involved the player as an automobile driver running over screaming â€Å"gremlins† that resembled human figures due to the primitive graphics of that era. Believing that the game appeared to condone killing of innocent civilians with a car, protestors started pulling machines out of the arcades and burning them, eventually leading to the termination of the game. Newer controversies included the p opular â€Å"Wolfesnstein 3D† and the franchises of â€Å"Street Fighter† and â€Å"Mortal Kombat†, which featured one-on-one fights and gory graphic sequences (Carnagey and Anderson). Over the past 25 years, numerous studies have researched the effects on video games on adolescents. The most prominent interest of researches has been games with violent content and the association between video game use and aggressive behavior, as well on school performance. The aggressive elements portrayed have been linked to aggression on children and adolescents, but the empirical evidence was not present to validate these assumptions (Schutte et al.; Irwin and Gross). Recent meta-analytic reviews have employed both short-term experimental and correlation studies to study the harmful effects of exposure to violent games and associated them with higher levels of aggressive behavior, physiological arousal and decreased prosocial behavior (C. A. Anderson 113-22; Anderson et al.). Most of the research has associated videogame violence with school shooting incidents while some assessed their influence from a developmental perspective (Kirsh). This review will assess the effects of video games to the adolescents as reported from various studies, discuss the underlying psychological processes and theories employed to understand them. 2. Effects of Violent Video Games The research on the effects of violent video games, however small, mirrors the larger body of research on the effects of violent films and television programs (Whaley). While many of the effects in those genres are similar, at least three reasons to believe that the former have stronger effect than violent television formats (C. Anderson, Backwell) . These include the active process of playing videogames instead of the â€Å"passive† television viewing while higher probability of players to identify with a violent character occurs in first person shooters (Anderson and Dill). Additionally, most violent games reward violent behavior often with verbal praise such as â€Å"Nice shot† after killing enemies with a gun – as studies show, rewarding behavior increases its frequency (Bozza). 2.1 Aggressive behaviors, cognitions and feelings The primary concern over violent video games is the behavior that players will assume as a result to their

Lab #8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Lab #8 - Essay Example The model forecast temperature reduction if sulphates emissions will be reduced. The model also predicts that warming will result to faster soil perspiration leading to greater amount of carbon dioxide being released to the atmosphere. This will hasten the global warming process. Though these models provide predictive solutions about climatic change, they have come under great criticism. This regards to the issue of classifying them as scientific or merely non scientific predictions. Models are used both in the scientific field and also in the business field. Models are predictive. This means that a probability index has to be associated with them. There are chances that what is predicted might occur or not. Scientific experiments are also conducted using formulated hypothesis that help to determine if the hypothesis is true or not. This shows that the climate models are scientific indeed. Furthermore, these models are based on real observable physical parameters that help climatologist to predict changes in climate patterns. According to Schmidt, G. (2005, January 12) these patterns are scientific. The controversy about them is the scale of application. When these climate predictions are applied on small scale, the effects may not be clearly visible. When these models are applied to a larger scale, comprehensive results can be obtained. The climatic models take into account the circulation of air, radiation transfer, cloud formation, sea ice formation, and soil moisture content. These are contained in sub modules of the General Circulation Models. These models contain information of how physical processes interact. During their prediction scientific laws and rules for the conservation of energy mass and momentum are obeyed. Discrediting these models as non scientific is ridiculous as they are formulated using and following scientific rules. The validation of the climate models is not simple as they predict long term global effects.

Effects of Marketing in Wilderness Tourism Promotion

Effects of Marketing in Wilderness Tourism Promotion Promoting Wilderness Tourism Literature Review Introduction Behavioural research on the study on wilderness destination is a relatively new development in the ecotourism industry. Promoting place marketing has become increasingly important within the tourist industry (Kang-Li 2008). There has been limited work done on promoting wilderness as a place of tourism. This research project aims to identify whether experiential marketing would have a greater impact than traditional marketing and branding approaches in promoting wilderness in tourism. The literature review will explore the concepts of Tourism, Wilderness, Place Marketing and Experiential Marketing, looking at past and present literature from various scholars and academics who have conducted extensive research on these subject areas. Arguments identifying gaps that exist within the literature will be presented, exploring the extent to which experiential marketing would be different and/or more effective than traditional marketing approaches. The Evolution of Tourism and it’s relationship to Wilderness In the early 19th century, the term â€Å"tourism† was used to describe the movement of people for pleasure (Smith, 1989). It is also written that a more convincing origin to present day tourism is centred on the medieval pilgrimages. There is a distinct difference between pilgrimage and tourism. One is a religious activity and the other is a secular (Theilmann 1987). However, as years have passed, there have been further attempts to define the term â€Å"tourism†. The United Nations Statistical Commission has accepted the following definition recommended by the World Tourism Organisation (WTO), stating that tourism comprises: activities where people may travel to different places and stay away from their normal surroundings for not more than a year for leisure, business or any other purpose. (World Tourism Organisation, 1993). In a similar context in the UK the definition most often used was proposed by the Tourism Society in the early 1980’s: Tourism is defined as destinations where people would travel for temporary or short-term stay away from their natural environment to live, work or engage in activities as day visits or excursions (Tourism Society, 1982) Similarly, Jafari, 1977 argues that tourism is about the study of man away from his natural habitat, where the industry responds to his needs, and there an impact is created by him and the industry on the host social-cultural, economic and physical environment. In a simplistic form the term tourism could be understood as movement of people for pleasure or work. From the evidence presented above would it can be concluded from the above definitions that tourism would seem to be: People who are away from their normal place of residence and will return back to their homes at some point in the future. Visits that are only temporary or short term, but are not longer than 12 months in duration. Inclusive of a day visit (excursion). Inclusive of absence from home on business rather than pleasure. The 1990’s increasingly saw the development of tourism in new areas. While the more traditional sightseeing tourism remains at the core of tourism around the world, there has been a significant diversification occurring, particularly within adventure tourism (Cloke and Perkins, 1998), nature-based tourism (Pearce and Wilson, 1995; Higham 1998) and events (Nicholson and Pearce, 2000). Literature shows that one particularly distinctive area of growth has been in natural area tourism (Burton 1998). This form of tourism is nature-based and primarily motivated by an interest in the environment (Burton 1998). Burton further argues that people seek refuge in nature-based tourism to escape from their day to day pressured life style. But, he writes that with the level of growth in nature-based tourism literature, has given way for individuals to misuse and overuse the terms ecotourism and natural based tourism. Creamer, 1995 adopts a framework to present a clear distinction between nature based tourism and ecotourism as seen in figure 1. This framework has been interpreted by arguing that nature-based tourism consists of all forms of tourism which occur in a natural environment and that ecotourism is one form of this type of tourism. Although they are similar there is a distinct difference (Goodwin, 1996). The experience of ecotourism goes beyond just being in a natural environment. Griffith, 1993 argues that ecotourists have distinctive perceptions and beliefs relating to their experiences. This is a far cry from the Sunday picnic or the occasional bush walker. It has been argued that ecotourism has the ability to influence the direction of a tourist’s life. This distinction is seen when they return from an ecotourism experience gaining a new outlook.(Hunter 1994) In a similar vein Ziffer, 1989: 5–8; Ceballos-Lascurain, 1996: 22 and Boo, 1990: 10, have also echoed the same principles underpinning ecotourism. Nature-based tourism has been distinguished into three main categories (Valentine, 1992: 110). Activities dependent on nature (i.e. bird-watching); activities enhanced by nature (i.e.camping); and activities where the natural setting is incidental (i.e. swimming). Adding to this framework, Duffus and Dearden (1990) defined these activities in terms of human and wildlife interaction. Similarly Goodwin, 1996: 287–288, argues that nature tourism includes the marketing of the natural elements to the tourists while enjoying the nature around them. Other arguments present ecotourism as a concept that definitions of integrated tourism giving emphasis particularly to nature conservation (Goodwin, 1996; Ceballos-Lascurain, 1996; Dowling, 1995a, b). Moreover the natural settings characterized in the definition of ecotourism were proclaimed to be similar to that of the concept of Wilderness Recreation in North America, (Boyd Butler, 1993: 11) or in other words, new name to an old activity (Wall, 1994: 4; Nelson, 1994: 248). Academic literature of wilderness exist within the discipline of tourism literature detailing about wilderness and the experiences that people have experienced during their visits. However, wilderness and the relating â€Å"sense of place† it evokes has not been investigated in-depth within the empirical research studies (Dawson, 2006). Managers of wilderness areas need to further understand and measure the relationships that tourists are developing or have already developed with the land area that they are managing. â€Å"Place† is defined as a physical location and a visitor’s subjective experience or relationship with the particular place. The concept of place has been subdivided into a variety of factors, such as place meanings, attachment, identity and dependence (Cheng et al. 2003). The term wilderness has been perceived differently by various scholars and academics. Some academics argue that wilderness is a conserved area where there is a limited presence of humans (Dawson, 2006). While others argue that it is place where people go to the wilderness for short or long hikes that last a day long, while another set of people who camp for several days using primitive means of travel and living (Chad, 2006). At one time, the earth was just a place of wild. The natural environment of wind, fire and rain was operating without the interference by any human influence. The earth was a global wilderness. Today, questions have risen on what is wilderness, how much of it needs to be preserved and should it be managed. Wilderness has achieved a reputation of being a highly valuable resource to many countries.(Stankey 1989) Wilderness has commonly been used in the context of the Bible (Nash 1974). Nash reports that the term wilderness appears in the bible nearly 300 times both in the Old and New Testaments. He continues to report that the term was used as a synonym for â€Å"desert† and â€Å"waste† with the same Hebrew or Greek root. Wilderness has been described as having had three physical characteristics. (1) virtually inhabited. (2) deserted and dry and (3) they were large areas. Human survival in the wilderness was difficult (Stankey 1989). Nash further reports that the wilderness was used to describe in the bible as a place where God’s blessings were absent; paradise and wilderness was a contract to each other. The story of the Garden of Eden stated in the Bible captures this theme explicitly. Nash writes, â€Å"The story of the Garden and it’s loss, imbedded into Western thought the idea that wilderness and paradise were both physical and spiritual opposites† The book of Genesis in the Bible reveals the early Christina idea of the relationship that transpired between man and nature. White (1967), argues that based on the qualities that were developed from the relationship between man and nature, Christianity was the most â€Å"anthropocentric† religion. Furthermore,White argues, â€Å"in great measure, God’s transcendence of nature. . . . Christianity, in absolute contrast to ancient paganism and Asia’s religions . . . not only established a dualism of man and nature, but also insisted that it is God’s will that man exploit nature for his proper ends.† This type of perspective created negative and exploitative thoughts about nature and wilderness among humans. However, it is argued that Christianity also fostered counter perspectives, which have led to our modem views from where wilderness would be have been originated (Stankey 1989). The experience of the Promised Land mentioned in the Biblical context has helped develop a tradition of going to the wilderness. Reasons for going to the wilderness have been determined to get freedom and a purification of spiritual-values. This may have possibly led to the present-day legislative definition for wilderness. Tuan (1974), writes â€Å"For the ascetics the desert was in effect at once the haunt of demons and the realm of bliss in harmony with the creaturely world.’ However, the Judeo-Christian defined wilderness as a cursed land, evil places and a place where water was not present (Dilworth 2006). Dilworth further argues in this context, the paradox of wilderness was evil, it was a necessary evil, also where you could be closer to God, a refuge and testing ground. On the other hand, the Puritan tradition wilderness was understood as a threat to survival, and the ability to survive in the wilderness would make you in favour of God. However, the Utilitarian view o f nature was cultivation and civilization instead of using the term wilderness. This was necessary as it would be a land useful in a practical sense as well as to be in favour of God (Nash 2001). Nash further argues from a Romantic and Transcendentalist era. He writes, wilderness was looked in a more positive sense. The Romantic era brought man â€Å"an enthusiasm for the strange, remote, solitary and mysterious† (Nash, 2001, p. 47). On the other hand the Transcendentalist eras, gave emphasis to the spiritual quality of the wilderness experience. This experience brought humans closer to God and the importance of material things. From the above arguments it seems evident that the definition of wilderness is very much fluid in the sense that there does not seem to be one single definition which can clearly explain the term wilderness. Sigurd Olson, in the early 20th century further expanded on the definition of wilderness – is escaping from a mans everyday difficult life and gaining freedom from â€Å"tyranny of wires, bells, schedules, and pressing responsibilities† (Olson and Backes 2001). This definition was further refined by the Wilderness Act of 1964. They defined wilderness as an undeveloped Federal land maintaining its character of the early years and the influence, without any lasting improvements or human habitation while it being a place that has generally been affects by the forces of nature. It also has an â€Å"outstanding opportunities for solitude or a primitive and unconfined type of recreation†. On the other hand culturally, it has been defined as any natural areas, to the â€Å"Urban† wilderness (Dilworth 2006). Evidently, it seems that Wilderness means different things to different people. Dilworth 2006, recently conducted a study on the meaning of wilderness based on images of the wilderness. His sample was students. The study revealed that based on the images the students viewed they defined wilderness as primarily with natural landscapes lacking human sign, particularly mountains, lakes, and forests. The questions would then arise as to what do you mean by the terms; mountains, lakes and forests? The debate would seem to be endless !! Increasingly, popular adventure recreation activities such as rock climbing, mountain-eering and remote-area trekking most often take place in the wilderness. Most often commercial packing of this type of recreation in the wilderness is coloured with fundamental irony (Eric, Linda et al. 1998). Wilderness business range from skill-building schools to eco and ethno tourism adventures (Eric, Linda et al. 1998). For example in Thailand back-pack trotting adventures (Cohen, 1989). This type of adventurous excursions and activities are positive, enjoyable experiences for participants (Arnould and Price 1993). The commercial offering of Wilderness as a tourist attraction means converting wilderness into a commodity to be marketed as a tourist attraction. Wilderness tourism requires human intervention. This would mean ensuring the wilderness is evaluated, managed, regulated and controlled (Eric, Linda et al. 1998). Therefore, the comodification of wilderness would require the intervention of a communication medium which would attract visitors of the wilderness for tourism. Creating a memorable lasting experience would be the challenge for wilderness managers and marketers. Place and city marketing has been one of the most interesting research topics which have grown in the last 20 – 30 years (Metaxas 2005). Much of the marketing literature over the years have sited on the impact that marketing has had on the global Tourism industry (Palmer and Bejou 1995; Mark and Robert 2002; Theobald 2005; Alistair 2006). Within the marketing literature, â€Å"Place Marketing† has grown rapidly among cities globally and especially in Europe who use different promotional policies to support images of their cities to gain competitive advantage (Metaxas 2005). Promoting the wilderness experience within the place marketing literature has been limited although marketing of island tourism, alpine tourism and adventure tours have developed (Tuohino). As mentioned above, comodification of wilderness is a challenge for marketers. A greater challenge would be the comodification of wilderness as a â€Å"sense of place†. The next section of the literature will seek to explore the idea of place and place marketing and it’s relevance to wilderness tourism. Place Marketing as an opportunity for Wilderness Tourism The concept of place is often related to the adjective â€Å"safe†. But there could be negative feelings also attached to that place (Tuohino). Tuan (1974) defines â€Å"topophilia† as a place which one belongs to and has a sense of belongingness. On the other hand â€Å"topofobia† (Tuan 1974) is defined as negative feelings – aversion or fear. Tuan, further argues that feelings such as fear being connected to a place will remain in the human mind as well as in the environment. Similarly, â€Å"placelessness† is defined as where the environment does not recognise place. Furthermore it does not take into consideration the meaning of places (Tuan 1974; Relph 1976). A â€Å"Sense of Place† has been one of the important concepts of human geography (Tuohino). Tuan in the 1970’s introduced this concept within the geography literature. The concept of â€Å"Sense of Place† has been determined as a social concept and as an individual value or phenomenon (Tuohino). This concept has been sited in many of the tourism literature in the recent years. To quote Tuan (1974), ‘people demonstrate their sense of place when they apply their moral and aesthetic discernment to sites and locations†. In other words â€Å"Sense of Place† is the connection that man would have with a place. Hence, it could be argued that is an important development for tourist and developers of tourism. Place marketing has become an important policy goal for most governments (Kang-Li 2008). Kotler (2002), claimed that the concept of place marketing of a city is considered as a market-oriented product. Ashworth and Voogd (1993) argue that place marketing is where the local activities of a particular location will work together to meet the customers needs. On the other hand Gold and Ward (1994) claim that place marketing is all about creating a positive and attractive image of the place. On the other hand it is argued that Place Marketing is about locality-based strategy to reimage and restructure local economies (Demaziere and Wilson 1996). Furthermore it is argued that Place Marketing is about â€Å"the strategic manipulation of image and culture clearly provides a strong basis for coalition building†(Hall and Hubbard 1996). From the arguments presented, place marketing seems somewhat similar to running a business but ensuring the required facilities, services and visions for further developments are presented. Tourism as an industry, especially cultural tourism has been fully integrated into place marketing (Stabler, 1990). Holden (2000), argues that negative impacts of tourism development can harm the local communities of a place by: misuse of resources, negative behaviour and pollution of the environment. Therefore it is important that place marketing ensures it develops cultural tourism strategies keeping in mind the external factors that can harm and hinder, while satisfying the customers (Kang-Li 2008). Wilderness managers strive to provide a quality experience to all visitors (Dvorak and Borrie 2007). This has lead to the need to incorporate a relationship aspect in the planning and management framework. These experiences are not one off transactions. These are relationships which develop over a period of time between the visitor and the setting (Borrie and Roggenbuck 2001). There is also other aspects that have an effect on the relationship / experience a visitor would have with the wilderness setting. These factors are cultural and social forces, social institutions and the lives of visitors. These factors do change and this has an effect on the wilderness experience (Dvorak and Borrie 2007). Psychology and marketing research have provided some insight in support of this wilderness relationship (Berry 1995). One key aspect to this relationship is that the visitor tends to accumulate an experience with a particular place that associates to a certain identity. Over a period of time the visitor develops a certain loyalty towards this particular area / place (Dvorak and Borrie 2007). It is argued that this relationship built over a period of time becomes something of an individuals culture, expressions and defining who he was and hopes to be. It is this relationship / experiences that managers/marketer of wilderness tourism would find as a challenge in promoting and sustaining. What means are available to marketers in promoting and sustaining this experience? The next section of this paper will argue how place marketing could be integrated into a wilderness marketing experience through the idea of experiential marketing. Marketing Wilderness Experiences The evolution of the philosophy of marketing management has moved from production concept, product concept, selling concept, marketing concept, societal marketing concept to relationship marketing concept. Traditionally marketing has viewed customers as being rational decision markers who care mainly about the features and benefits of the product and service they purchase (Schmitt 1999). An integral part of the marketing mix is the element of promotions better known as marketing communications. Marketing communications is a mode by which marketers / firms attempt to inform, persuade, incite and remind customers about their product or service they sell (Poul Houman 2001). This is one area in marketing which has evolved and changed dramatically over the last 20 – 30 years (Kevin Lane 2001). This has resulted in firms faced with the challenge of designing, implementing and evaluating their communication campaigns which are unique and competitive. In other words campaigns which create a unique customer experience (Mark and Robert 2002). Today the concept of selling experiences is spreading beyond theatres and theme parks. Pine and Gilmore, (1998) claim that experience is not an amorphous construct, but is as real an offering like any other service, product or commodity. Stage experiences occur when a company goes beyond the offering of a good and service by engaging with the customer to create a memorable event. Experiences have always been at the heart of tourism and entertainment (Tsaur, Chiu et al. 2007). For example Walt Disney and his company took the industry by storm with creative interactions with customers. At theme restaurants such as Hard Rock Cafà ©, Planet Hollywood the food is just a prop for what is known as â€Å"eatertainment†. But experiences are not just about the pure experience that a customer may encounter (Pine and Gilmore 1998). Company’s stages an experience were they could engage with customers to present it in a memorable way. Experience is everywhere. Companies have moved from the traditional â€Å"features and benefits† marketing towards customers encountering an experience (Schmitt 1999). To get a grasp of the concept of experiential marketing, Schmitt (1999) presented an argument comparing principles that underpin the traditional marketing approach and the experiential marketing approach. As discussed above (Schmitt 1999) argues that the traditional marketing is all about customers being rational decision makers who care about the feature and benefits. However, experiential marketing is viewing consumers as rational and emotional human beings concerned about experiencing a holistic consumption experience. Further (Schmitt 1999) claims that this shift has occurred due to omnipresence of information technology, the supremacy of brand and the ubiquity of communications and entertainment. This argument was echoed by (Pine and Gilmore 1998) when they claimed that leading-edge companies whether they sell to companies or consumers will be facing the competitive battlefield of â€Å"staging experiences† as presented above. Along with this trend, some companies adopted this concept of experiential marketing to gain competitive advantage such as Apple(Randall 2003), DaimlerChrysler (Tanya and Karl 2003), PG (Jack 2004) and IMG(Barry 2005). Sky, Nike and Strongbow are companies who have in recent years adopted the concept of experiential marketing. But some firms still remain sceptical (Mark 2007). Andy Bellass, of Splendid communication agency argues that experiential marketing has â€Å"come of age†. Bellass explains that it is becoming increasingly difficult to build relationships with customers when you are standing outside. Advertising is not dead, yet, until the circle of experience marketing is complete – getting people to experience the brand, agencies are standing outside (Mark 2007). The biggest problem being that the definition of experiential marketing has flaws and it lies at the roots. Marketing Director of Sledge understands experiential marketing as a â€Å"medium that is focused on creating one-to-one experiences that engage consumers in deeper and more memorable ways†. Others understand it as integrating brands to people’s life styles and adding value to create an experience with the brand rather than having any interruptions. Going further some feel that the definition is becoming broader by the day. However, in saying all this, it seems apparent that traditional communication agencies are nervous how company budgets are being reallocated in favour of experiential marketing techniques (Mark 2007). For instance, research showed that 68% of companies were spending more on experiential marketing in 2005 than they did in 2004 (Mark 2007). Based on the evidence presented, it would seem although there is scepticism, budgets being allocated to experiential marketing techniques means that there is some form of success in this concept in practice. It has been acknowledged that customers are driven emotionally and rationally (Schmitt 1999). People want products and services that render a certain experience. Tourism has been a pioneer example of the experience economy (Quan and Wang 2004). The nature of the travel and tourism product is intangible. What does a consumer expect or get when they visit a tourist location? These experiences are actual. How would companies promote these locations/places? Place marketing has seen it’s relationships to experiential marketing. Echoing on what has already being discussed, experience comes from direct interaction/observation in an event. The core of experiential marketing is about creating an experience for the customer. Accordingly, the experience marketing trends of â€Å"experiences, cultural marketing and ecological landscape† seems to have become the core for this concept (Kang-Li 2008). Based on this, Kang claims that these factors can evoke a consumers motivation and feelings of certain meaningful attachments, while these features and styles need to be preserved and enhanced. So far the review has demonstrated the relationship that experience marketing has had / have with tourism and place marketing. However, there seems to be a gap in the tourism literature on how this concept could be used to promote wilderness in tourism? Ability to creating that â€Å"Sense of Place† and relationship with the wilderness, seems to be limited. Empirical studies have been done on what are the key drivers that motivate people to visit major wilderness areas. However, further research needs to be done on promotional strategies for creating that wilderness tourism marketing experience (Mabunda) Over the years, psychologists and market researchers have attempted to develop techniques and methodologies to explore customer experience (2006). Understanding consumer attitudes and behaviour have not always been easy for marketing researchers (Athinodoros and Ronald 2002). Psychologists view attitudes as a two step process : an antecedent stimulus followed by an evaluative reaction.(Adel 2003) In their paper (Pine and Gilmore 1998), argue the importance of economic progress. They convey their thoughts by way of the following figure. Their thinking on this topic of Experience Economy argues that whether companies are selling to individual customers or organisations, they will find that the next competitive challenge is â€Å"Stage Experiences†. How does â€Å"stage experiences† influence the promotion of wilderness in tourism? Does it create a greater impact on marketing of wilderness in tourism? Summary The aim of the research project is to evaluate if experiential marketing would have a great impact than tradition marketing and branding approaches in promoting wilderness as a tourist destination. The literature review provided a rationale for this main aim, whereby the outcome included in the review illustrated the need for further research in the area of wilderness in tourism marketing. The first section of the literature review focus on the evolution of tourism. The review demonstrated that there is a high level of evidence on defining the term tourism. However, it was evident that the term â€Å"tourism† in its simplest form was understood as people moving to different places for the purpose of pleasure or work. It was noted that in the 1990’s tourism evolved to a high level of definition. Evidence was presented that tourism diversified into adventure tourism, nature based tourism and events. Through the years it was noted that nature based tourism has grown extensively within the tourism literature. Nature based tourism was understood as being primarily motivated by the interest in the environment (Burton, 1998) It was further argued that the Nature Based Tourisms and eco tourism although similar in nature had a distinctive difference. Although it was argued that ecotourism was some form of nature based tourism. (Goodwin, 1996) Much of the literature demonstrated that visitors of natural environments(ecotourism) would gain a new perspective or experience. (Hunter 1994, Ziffer, 1989: 5–8; Ceballos-Lascurain, 1996: 22 and Boo, 1990: 10) Moreover the literature review provided evidence to show that ecotourism was proclaimed to similar to that of the concept of Wilderness Recreation in North America. (Boyd Butler, 1993: 11) In stating these factors a gap in the literature demonstrated that little empirical studies were done on wilderness and the relating â€Å"sense of place†. Literature review then moved on to explore the concept of wilderness. Literature revealed that the term Wilderness was originated initially in the context of the bible. (Nash 1974) The term wilderness evolved from the eras of Christianity, (Nash 1974), to Judeo-Christian (Dilworth 2006), to Puritan tradition, to Utilitarian view, to Romantic and Transcendentalist. (Nash 2001). It was evident that none of the definitions were complimentary to each other. The conclusion gained from the evidence presented was that there was no single definition for wilderness as it meant different things to different people. A recent study proved this thinking. A study on images of wilderness revealed that the sample of students understood wilderness as natural landscapes lacking human sign, particularly mountains, lakes, and forests. The question was then raised, what are mountains, lakes and forests? This debate seems to be endless! Next the literature revealed that popular adventure activities often took place in the wilderness. Evidence proved that visitors on these adventurous excursions and activities always have a positive and enjoyable experience. (Arnould and Price 1993) It was noted that making these activities to commercial packages needed a carefully thought of marketing campaign as wilderness tourism has a human intervention. The greatest challenge all marketers of Wilderness would experience is the ability to comodify the idea of wilderness in tourism to ensure a memorable lasting experience. To explore the idea of comodification of wilderness experience, it was prudent to first understand the concept of marketing and its evolution. The next section of this literature review demonstrated this aspect of the subject area. Place marketing needs to be included. It was understood that traditionally marketing was viewed as customers being rational decision makers. They mainly cared about features and benefits of a product or service they purchased. It has been noted that the promotional element better known as marketing communications has played a major role in this conversion of features to benefit thinking. However it was presented that this element has had a rapid evolution over the years. (Kevin Lane 2001). The focus has been to develop marketing communication campaigns that would create a unique customer experience. (Mark and Robert 2002) The idea of Experience Economy was introduced in the last decade by (Pine and Gilmore 1998). They argue that this experience economy will find out that the next challenge is Stage Experience – where the company goes beyond customer’s expectations by ensuring the customers engages with the product or the service to experience something of a memorable event. This type of experience was pioneered within the tourism and entertainment industry. An example was Disney World. (Tsaur, Chiu et al. 2007) Furthermore the paper pr

Melancholy Hamlet Essay examples -- Essays on Shakespeare Hamlet

Melancholy Hamlet  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   In Shakespeare’s tragic drama, Hamlet, the multi-faceted character of the hero is so complex that this essay will enlighten the reader on only one aspect of his personality – his melancholy dimension.    Our understanding of the true extent of the protagonist’s melancholic mental state needs to be informed. A.C. Bradley in Shakespearean Tragedy presents convincing evidence regarding the true depth of the hero’s melancholy sentiment:    Hamlet and Horatio are supposed to be fellow-students at Wittenberg, and to have left it for Elsinore less than two months ago. Yet Hamlet hardly recognizes Horatio at first, and speaks as if he himself lived at Elsinore (I refer to his bitter jest, ‘We’ll teach you to drink deep ere you depart’). Who would dream that Hamlet had himself just come from Wittenberg, if it were not for the previous words about his going back there? How can this be explained on the usual view? Only, I presume, by supposing that Hamlet is so sunk in melancholy that he really does almost ‘forget himself’ and forgets everything else, so that he actually is in doubt who Horatio is. (370)    The depressing aspect of the initial imagery of the drama tend to underline and reinforce the play’s melancholy. Marchette Chute in â€Å"The Story Told in Hamlet† describes such imagery of the opening scene:    The story opens in the cold and dark of a winter night in Denmark, while the guard is being changed on the battlements of the royal castle of Elsinore. For two nights in succession, just as the bell strikes the hour of one, a ghost has appeared on the battlements, a figure dressed in complete armor and with a face like that of the dead king of Denmark, Hamlet’s father (35... ...ven Press, 1999. Rpt. from Introduction to Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Ed. Philip Edwards. N. P.: Cambridge University P., 1985.    Levin, Harry. General Introduction. The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974.    Mack, Maynard. â€Å"The World of Hamlet.† Yale Review. vol. 41 (1952) p. 502-23. Rpt. in Shakespeare: Modern Essays in Criticism. Rev. ed. Ed. Leonard F. Dean. New York: Oxford University P., 1967.    Rosenberg, Marvin. â€Å"Laertes: An Impulsive but Earnest Young Aristocrat.† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from The Masks of Hamlet. Newark, NJ: Univ. of Delaware P., 1992.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http://www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html No line nos.   

Culture of Australia Essay

The question of identity is always a difficult one for those living in a culture or group, yet belonging to another. This difficulty frequently remains in the mind of most immigrants, especially the second generations who were born in a country other than their parents. Younger generations feel as if they are forced to change to fit the social standards despite previous culture or group. Furthermore those who wish to adopt a new identity of a group or culture haven’t yet been fully accepted by original members due to their former identity. Living with a different culture to our roots can lead to changes in our lives. Migrating to Australia has affected a lot of authors from Alice Pung’s vignettes of ‘Growing up Asian in Australia’. Michelle Law displays her exclusion from the Australian culture by preparing ‘exotic lunches’ with her mother, as well as her ‘hairless’ Chinese body compared to the school girls. Being seen as a distinct outsider to the Australian culture can influence one to change their way of life to fit in and form friendships. Sunil an Indian schoolboy was faced with the choice of constantly being bullied over his differences or adapting to the community by altering his name to Neil. Changing for others an lose your place in your original identity and culture. After visiting Hong Kong, Michelle momentarily feels identical to her surroundings with her Chinese ethnicity. After mispronouncing words when ordering at a Cantonese Mc Donald’s, Michelle comes to realise that she feels just as excluded in Hong Kong as she did in Australia. This sense of displacement caused by multiple cultures can question Michelle’s judgement, â€Å"Am I more Asian or more Australian? † The feeling of not fitting in can lead us to changes in our life to fit social standards despite our previous culture or way of life. Alice Pung addresses the idea of multiculturalism in her novel ‘Unpolished Gem’. Two of the themes in this novel where she portrays her culture are through personal identity and the impact of the past. A major influence on Alice’s identity was when she was a young child and her grandmother would tell her stories about events that occurred in Cambodia. In Alice’s teenage years, her beloved grandmother has a stroke, developed disabilities and eventually had passed away. It is around this time where serious psychological problems occur for Alice. This almost forces her into a mental state in which she knows she does not fit in with the Australian culture. She believed she had to do everything she could to change that otherwise Alice knew she would break down mentally. Alice was forced to attempt to fit the social standards of Australia. The actions of adopting a new identity by putting yourself into a different group can lead to not only the new group not fully accepting you but also your original group will see you as a totally different person. At the age of 13 I played basketball for the under 14s side. We were all very close and had formed great friendships throughout the season. The following season I was asked to play above my age group. Without thinking twice I accepted what I thought was a great opportunity. A few days pasted and it was the day of my first training session with the older group. Throughout the 2 hours of training I did not enjoy myself at all. No one would pass me the ball and it was as if they didn’t want me there. To be honest I didn’t want to be there neither. I decided to return to my own age group and play with my old friend. At the next training session with my original team I realized the same thing was happening, no one would pass me the ball or even acknowledge that I was on the court. It turns out I had changed as a person and found myself caught between the two teams. The moral of that experience was by trying to fit in with a new group I found that I had lost my original identity and forgot where I belong. There are a variety of scenarios that result in us trying to change. Whether it is a result of a different culture or even past experiences. People also feel as if they are forced upon change, and even if you find yourself with a new identity or culture, you may not be fully accepted by original members of that group or culture. The power of a group however is often the cause of losing our individual identity. In conclusion the question remains of whether Change of an identity is right or wrong?

Hunting in Elizabethan Times essays

Hunting in Elizabethan Times essays Hunting was very important to the people of the Elizabethan era. However, hunting, also known to Elizabethans as the art of venery, was not something to be enjoyed by everyone. Most often, only the upper class could take advantage of hunting. They mainly hunted boar and a few species of deer. These noblemen hunted to show their status in society, to practice for war, and for the dietary nutrients of meat. One of the main reasons venery was important to the upper class is that it showed superiority over the commoners. Hunting for sport was restricted to the upper classes for the most part simply because of the incredible costs needed to hunt. The crossbows and longbows that were often used certainly were not cheap. Some noblemen even used guns, which were much more expensive. Decent horses added to the cost along with the food they ate, the stables in which to keep them, and the equipment necessary to ride them. Proper hunting required several good hunting dogs, as each team typically had two to five dogs. The best dogs, mastiffs, alaunts, and lymers, could be exceedingly costly. The dogs had to be fed and sheltered, too. Servants were needed to take care of the dogs and horses and they also needed housing. If a nobleman especially wanted to flaunt his status, he could participate in a technique called conspicuous consumption, meaning he would get large amounts of only the fi nest dog, horses, and imported guns to show to the commoners and his peers in the upper class that he could afford the best. Additionally, noblemen utilized hunting as a means of showing their incredible bravery and horsemanship to their friends. Venery was considered to be fashionable because it was a favorite sport of royalty. Queen Elizabeth I herself loved to hunt and it was said that even at sixty-seven years old she hunted for hours with her crossbow every other day. Of course, all the noblemen w ...

Free Essays on The Conspiracy And Assassination Of 1865

The Conspiracy and Assassination of 1865 President Abraham Lincoln dreamt about his own death (Bishop 56). He even stated one day to his bodyguard, â€Å"Crook, do you know, I believe there are men who want to take my life? And I have no doubt they will do so† (Stackpole 10). Unfortunately, this dream and his thoughts became real. John Wilkes Booth initially made plans to kidnap President Lincoln; however, he changed his plans and developed a conspiracy with others to assassinate President Lincoln and other important government officers. John Wilkes Booth disliked President Lincoln, a Republican. Booth’s reasons for disliking the President included that he was seen as a possible threat to everything the South stood for, i.e., his stance against slavery, and his membership in the Republican party (Otfinoski 22). Booth was actually stunned when he found out that his brother, Edwin, had voted for Lincoln in 1860 and that he would vote for him again if and when the time came (Bishop 62). As a result of his feelings he initially made a plan to kidnap Lincoln and bring him to the South for a handsome ransom (Otfinoski 29). Confederate prisoners of war were to be released in exchange for the President, however, this plan failed because Lincoln changed his plans. After the failure of this initial plan, Booth proceeded with numerous others. Late in1864, a plan was devised to kidnap Lincoln during the summer while he was traveling on horseback from the cottage on the grounds of the U.S. Soldier’s home to Washington City. Their Selinger 2 plan was to halt the carriage containing Lincoln. Along with others, Booth planned to use chloroform or to gag and bind the President. Lincoln would then be transported out of the city into secessionist countryside that was southeast of Washington (Stackpole 10). Lincoln discarded this idea because of the weather. Booth abandoned the arrangement because Lincoln no longer went regu... Free Essays on The Conspiracy And Assassination Of 1865 Free Essays on The Conspiracy And Assassination Of 1865 The Conspiracy and Assassination of 1865 President Abraham Lincoln dreamt about his own death (Bishop 56). He even stated one day to his bodyguard, â€Å"Crook, do you know, I believe there are men who want to take my life? And I have no doubt they will do so† (Stackpole 10). Unfortunately, this dream and his thoughts became real. John Wilkes Booth initially made plans to kidnap President Lincoln; however, he changed his plans and developed a conspiracy with others to assassinate President Lincoln and other important government officers. John Wilkes Booth disliked President Lincoln, a Republican. Booth’s reasons for disliking the President included that he was seen as a possible threat to everything the South stood for, i.e., his stance against slavery, and his membership in the Republican party (Otfinoski 22). Booth was actually stunned when he found out that his brother, Edwin, had voted for Lincoln in 1860 and that he would vote for him again if and when the time came (Bishop 62). As a result of his feelings he initially made a plan to kidnap Lincoln and bring him to the South for a handsome ransom (Otfinoski 29). Confederate prisoners of war were to be released in exchange for the President, however, this plan failed because Lincoln changed his plans. After the failure of this initial plan, Booth proceeded with numerous others. Late in1864, a plan was devised to kidnap Lincoln during the summer while he was traveling on horseback from the cottage on the grounds of the U.S. Soldier’s home to Washington City. Their Selinger 2 plan was to halt the carriage containing Lincoln. Along with others, Booth planned to use chloroform or to gag and bind the President. Lincoln would then be transported out of the city into secessionist countryside that was southeast of Washington (Stackpole 10). Lincoln discarded this idea because of the weather. Booth abandoned the arrangement because Lincoln no longer went regu...

Write course preparation Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Write course preparation - Coursework Example The digital labor as part of the much wider development comprises of union busting, globalization, casualization, deregulation, and the proletarianization of professions. In a sharing economy the labor of people is shared in a way that seems feudal. These new work arrangements shift the power in the labor market away from the workers. According to Roose, the sharing economy yields utopian outcomes with the empowerment of the ordinary people and increasing efficiency. The on-demand economy reduces full-time employment in addition to reducing the working in a bid to control the carbon emissions. I would not work in firms like Uber because I want to work as a full-time employee. This makes these jobs less appealing than the standard jobs. Due to the rapid growth of human population, especially in the cities, this creates more opportunities for sharing resources and services (Gold 28). However, most of the firms in the sharing economy are having an uneasy time with the regulators. Platforms such as Uber are experiencing explosive growth, which, in turn, has resulted in political and regulatory battles. Therefore, I would advise the sharing economy firms to be cooperative with regulators and also be responsive to the regulators’ legitimate concerns. It is also difficult to evaluate the effect of these new earning opportunities because they are introduced during a period of rapid labor market restructuring and high unemployment rates. Consider taxis, drivers in conventional cab operations are protesting due to Uber’s unfair competition which impacts negatively on their operations. The cab drivers are charged extra such as lease space and insurance while Uber deals with uninsured passengers compromising the safety of the passengers. All workers have equal opportunities to participate in these markets. Therefore, Uber drivers need to be subjected to same licensing, inspection, and regulations that cab drivers are subjected. It operates like